Bridge Loan Definition
Definition of the interim loanbridging loan
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How much is a bridging loan?
An interim loan is a short-term loan intended to make available a provisional financing arrangement until long-term financing is possible. It thus constitutes a 'bridge' until a long-term loan is agreed. As a rule, credit periods on real estate collateral can range from a few months to 3 years.
The majority of bridge credits, however, are generally less than 12-month. Used as an intermediate or bridge funding option until the securities are sold, or to arrange longer-term funding (typically mortgages ), it provides a bridge to final funding. Creditors assume real estate and long-term lease ownership as collateral.
Real estate can be either condominium, business or semi-commercial (also known as "mixed use"). For example, bridge credits are used by housing builders, building contractors, merchants, lessors and many other parties involved in the real estate market. An interim loan is only an interest rate; a lump-sum principal payment is made by the borrowing party at the end of the credit period.
Interests can be either paid: when the loan is originally repaid, which reduces the amount of the disbursement in cash (known as "interest withheld"); or through regular repayments throughout the term of the loan (known as "current interest" or "interest serviced"). An overwhelming proportion of the credit taken out by bridge creditors is of the nature of the interest withheld.
But if a debtor wants a loan with a recent interest rate agreement, a creditor usually performs further reviews of the debtor to make sure that interest is affordable throughout the life of the loan. The interest rate for bridge credits is usually higher than for traditional credits to offset the added creditor exposure and the pace at which the credit facilities are agreed.
There are a number of different elements that can influence the bridge between the invoiced loan interest rate and the interest rate. Most important are: the amount of the bridge loan needed in relation to the value of the real estate provided as collateral by the Mortgagor, usually called the Loan To Value ("LTV") relationship; whether the Mortgagor grants the Mortgagor a first or second fee for the real estate provided as collateral.
An initial fee may be provided if the securities have no outstanding loans or if an outstanding initial fee is substituted by the intermediate loan. When the collateral already has a mortgage on it, the mortgage would be the first load and the borrower would only be able to provide a second load of bypassing lenders.
Best overriding loan interest will usually be achieved on first charging, low LTV ownership low collateralized credits. Bridge creditors also levy brokerage charges. As a rule, these are subtracted in advance from the amount of the bridge loan and serve to reimburse the creditor for the expenses arising. In addition, bridge credits from borrower are usually needed quickly and bank approval is relatively sluggish in comparison to specialised bridge creditors.
An interim loan can be either regular - i.e. it is a regular mortgages agreement and therefore governed by the Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") - or not. The Financial Conduct Authority regulates this loan as a regular mortgages agreement if a debtor is a "consumer" and applies for a loan where the collateral provided is a first or second encumbrance on a real estate where the debtor or a related party of the debtor takes (or wishes to take at a later date take) the majority of the real estate.
Consumers " for these ends are those who act outside their trades, businesses or professions. Thus, by and large, non-regulated credit is credit that is used for trading, doing business or investing. Buyers interested in entering the financial bridge markets will either become directly sponsors of specialised bridge financiers or become themselves financiers through on-line peer-to-peer credit portals.
Bridge credits are also known as bridge, swing or conditional loans/credits.